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Further, we have analyzed particle optics based on the space-dependent curvature and focusing functions in the magnets.
Electric and magnetic fields homogeneous in Euler's sense are a useful instrument for designing the systems of charge particle optics.
In particular, we emphasize the importance of a new semi-analytical approach to design complex charged particle optics using the truncated power series algebra.
Because of its ability to compute high-order aberrations, this approach allows systematic and comprehensive analyses of any charged particle optics systems with analytical electric and magnetic fields.
Achieving this throughput with charged particle lithography requires currents 10,000 times larger than those presently used and hence sets up the need for charged particle optics radically different from those being used today.
This chapter presents a memoir of Jan Bart Le Poole with particular emphasis on Jan Le Poole's definitive and highly original contribution to the design of electron microscopes and to particle optics in general, at a time when the basic theory and technology were in their infancy.
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An important feature of this code is the use of split-operator methods to integrate single-particle magnetic optics techniques with parallel PIC techniques.
It is expected that our scheme has potential applications in beam trapping, particle acceleration, integrated optics and super-resolution imaging.
Meinhart et al. [2] derived the depth of measurement volume accounting for diffraction, geometric optics, and particle size.
The forefront of contemporary advances in physics lies in the submicroscopic regime, whether it be in atomic, nuclear, condensed-matter, plasma, or particle physics, or in quantum optics, or even in the study of stellar structure.
Multivariate polynomial multiplication is a fundamental operation which is used in many scientific domains, for example in the optics code for particle accelerator design at CERN.
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