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If I were to draw my path out, it would look like a gas particle flying around in space.
Thus, if the number of decision variables (dimension of the search space) is considered N, then the initial swarm will be a P × N matrix as follows: Each row of S is a particle flying in the search space.
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The IPSO designs two position updating strategies: In the early iterations, each particle flies and searches according to its own best experience with a large probability; in the late iterations, each particle flies and searches according to the fling experience of the most successful particle with a large probability.
Each individual or potential solution (i.e., particle) flies in the problem dimensional space with a velocity which is dynamically adjusted according to the flying experiences of its own and its colleagues.
Particle swarm optimization (PSO) method is a population-based optimization technique of swarm intelligence field in which each solution called "particle" flies around in a multidimensional problem search space.
Nobody has a clue what could send particles flying across space with such enormous force.
The collisions generate a storm of particles flying in many directions.
The classic symptoms of norovirus are "explosive" diarrhea and "projectile" vomiting, which can send infectious particles flying yards away.
In other words, a box containing a gas will have trillions of particles flying around inside it in random directions, bouncing off each other and off the walls.
In April 1986, a nuclear reactor at the Chernobyl power plant in Ukraine exploded and sent radioactive particles flying through the air, infiltrating the surrounding soil.
The line that really stays with me? "The classic symptoms of norovirus are 'explosive' diarrhea and 'projectile' vomiting, which can send infectious particles flying yards away".
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com