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In our case, the high model R for the personal ambient particle associations suggests a modest attenuation of the particle associations with health in time-series studies.
Specifically, the particle associations for daily/weekly symptoms were weaker than for ED visits/hospitalizations.
In contrast with the traffic-related and particle associations that became positive only when we adjusted for maternal education, O3 effect estimates moved closer toward the null after adjustment for covariates.
This suggests that the particle associations are irreversible in nature, likely because of the high surface density of the immobilized ssDNA and the high melting temperatures of the complementary sequences used.
Goldberg et al. (2001a, 2001b), Moolgavkar (2000), and Venners et al. (2003) have also found robust associations between cardiovascular mortality and pollutant gases that often were stronger than particle associations.
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Consequently, conformational differences must impact particle association with cellular receptors or membranes and subsequent intracellular sorting.
The most likely particle association in the presence of nonionic polyacrylamides is face-to-face association due to polymer bridging.
In contrast to radioactivity based detection which demonstrated a linear dose-dependent accumulation in the organ, flow cytometry revealed that particle association with cancer cells became dose-independent with increased particle doses and that the majority of the nanoparticles in the tumor were associated with cancer cells despite a low fractional association.
A key factor influencing removal is likely to be the particle association of indicators and pathogens, and the settling velocity of those particles.
The generally more robust associations for personal than for central-site PM2.5 exposures suggest that nondifferential exposure misclassification leads to attenuation of the particle association and increased variance.
In sum, we find evidence that both traffic particles and particles from coal burning power plants are associated with increased risk of mortality in the Boston metropolitan area, with the traffic particle association more significant, and larger.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com