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A possible explanation for this finding is that a more stable attachment of women to the labor market is responsible for modest participation responses to financial incentives in the recent period.
Nonetheless, these mean values may hide much variation in participation responses across different wage or income groups, with important implications for welfare analysis as suggested by Eissa and Liebman (1996) and confirmed for single individuals in Bargain et al. (2014).
We separately report uncompensated wage elasticities (total hour and participation responses) and income elasticities.9 The uncompensated (Marshallian) wage elasticity is defined as the percentage change in labor supply h for a 1%% change in the (gross) wage w:10 epsilon^{u}=frac{dh}{dw}frac{w}{h}.
However, given participation, responses in the follow-up studies were strongly emphasized.
Ninety-seven prered pre- and post-study participation responses (35.5%) were received (male = 51.5%; median age = 23).
Participation responses for the moderate and vigorous activity categories will also be added to obtain total minutes of moderate and vigorous minutes per week.
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Of these, 18 care groups participated and 15 refused participation (response rate 55%) (Additional file 1: Figure S1).
Results are basically unchanged whether we consider total hour elasticities or participation response alone (4th and 5th columns).
The willingness of participation response is relatively higher among the economically active age group (41 60 years) and older age category (>60 years) relative to the younger age group category (≤40 years) (Table 6).
Out of the 25262 subjects who were approached by pollsters, 9446 refused participation (response rate −62.6%).
During this time period, the participation response was 69% among all cases and 65% for controls.
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