The GEI ranks the situation of 157 nations with regard to gender equity in education, economic activity (employment) and empowerment (political participation, representation in government positions, law-making).
Indicators were designed to measure the effectiveness of the community liaison system in terms of participation, representation and ability to capture, prioritise and respond to key project-related community concerns.
However, these analyses also uncovered the prerequisites for real participation (early involvement, representation and workload reduction) and revealed that they were not met during the process.
Other participants, especially in the Bududa district, likened participation with representation by elected leaders including Members of Parliament (MPs).
After 1962 all popular participation and representation in the political process were through the Arab Socialist Union (ASU).
The trade union, the cornerstone of worker voice, participation and representation, has to be reinvented and relegitimised to rebalance the new brutalities of our labour market – to become a countervailing force to those generating ever higher levels of income inequality.
But the root causes of extremism are obvious: people who are denied shared participation and representation in their own country are fleeing to conflict-stricken nations to escape persecution.
Why doesn't the government do more to protect equality and equal treatment, in a country where female workers lag behind in every indicator, from equal pay, to workforce participation, to representation among CEOs, on corporate boards, and in parliament?
The text then lists 16 facts illustrating the extent of this oppression, including the lack of women's suffrage, participation, and representation in the government; women's lack of property rights in marriage; inequality in divorce law; and inequality in education and employment opportunities.
Community development emphasizes empowerment, equality, social justice, participation and representation.
De Búrca (2008, 129 36) identifies political equality, participation, and representation as key values.
