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Let the set of participating utilities be denoted as (mathcal {U}).
However, the social app will start off with just a few participating utilities when it launches in early 2012.
Fig. 1 Overview of the proposed protocol: All participating utilities ({mathsf {mathbf {U}}}_{u} in mathcal {U}) provide embedded template load profiles (mathcal {L}_{u}) corresponding to their tariffs T u,l to a third party TP.
We showed that the protocol design and the use of embeddings and oblivious transfer make our approach privacy-preserving for both the smart meter and the participating utilities when all parties are semi-honest and do not collude.
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Since smart loads share the capacity payments from utilities, participating via an automated management program provides a benefit to all participants.
In contrast, the utilities participating in the present study do not hold this view.
The interviews show that the utilities participating in the study, as well as the bottom-up initiative, are active in large-scale renewable energy projects.
To make their choice, they compare the utility from not participating and the expected utility from entering the labor market.
Let U f and U nf represent farm household's expected utility from participating and non-participating in non-farming income generating schemes of the farm household respectively.
For example, within "characters participating", maximum utility was obtained from "real actors" (Utility = 0.230), whereas the utility of avatars was lower (Utility =−0.208).
( {D}_i^ ) = is a latent variable representing the difference between utility gained from market participation U iA and the utility from not participating in the market U IN.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com