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This chapter reviews the information available on genes and gene families identified as participating in the synthesis of different class of aroma volatiles.
We discuss the differences between enzymes in central versus specialized, or secondary metabolism and highlight unique features of specialized metabolism enzymes participating in the synthesis of natural products.
Recently, a transcriptomic analysis on Arabidopsis found that salt acclimation is mediated by DEGs involved in cell wall biosynthesis, osmoregulation and oxidative stress, by TF-encoding DEGs and by DEGs participating in the synthesis of lignin and ethylene biosynthesis (Shen et al. 2014).
Examples of the latter are glutamate decarboxylase participating in the synthesis of GABA and aromatic -amino acid decarboxylase participating in the biosynthesis of catecholamines and serotonin.
This methodology has been used to determine the expression of growth factors such as TGF- β1, which is the most often studied isoform in the different species, because in addition to participating in the synthesis of collagens (as previously mentioned) it is essential for angiogenesis, chemotaxis, and cell proliferation [ 18].
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Nucleoside diphosphate sugars also participate in the synthesis of disaccharides; for example, common table sugar, sucrose (consisting of glucose and fructose), is formed in sugarcane by the reaction sequence shown in [80] and [81]; UDP-glucose and fructose 6-phosphate first form a phosphorylated derivative of sucrose, sucrose 6′-phosphate, which is hydrolyzed to sucrose and inorganic phosphate.
Through this process, epithelial cells would lose intercellular cohesion and would translocate from the epithelial compartment into the interstitium where, gaining a full mesenchymal phenotype, they could participate in the synthesis of the fibrotic matrix.
Manganese and iron are indispensable for sporulation and participate in the synthesis of Bacillus's secondary metabolites, such as antibiotics and peptides (Granger et al. 2011; Greene and Slepecky 1972; Oh and Freese 1976).
There are two related Cox-2 genes in the mouse that participate in the synthesis of prostaglandins.
It is possible that the oocytes which reside within the ovarian follicle also participate in the synthesis of bile acids.
In a previous paper, given the structural similarity between cholesterol and ecdysteroids, we had proposed that divergent ERGp orthologs might somehow participate in the synthesis of the latter [23].
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