Accumulating intermediates might then participate in negative feedback loops affecting other genes.
Additionally, DCs were also demonstrated to be able to participate in negative selection of CD8+ T cells [18].
Taken together, these data suggest that ZNF191 may participate in negative regulation of angiogenesis.
These proteins are thought to participate in negative feedback loops in cytokine signaling.
miRNAs induced by serum stimulation were expected to increase proliferation, but there are numerous examples of miRNAs that participate in negative feedback loops [ 34- 36].
The core clock components, the transcription factors, CLOCK and BMAL1, participate in negative feedback loops with other transcription factors, leading to oscillations in the expression of proteins involved in metabolism (1, 2, 18).
For example, in E. coli, ~35% TFs participate in negative autoregulation motifs which can significantly speed up the transcriptional response time [ 15] and smooth the fluctuations of protein expression [ 16].
The MAPKs, ERK and p38 are believed to participate in negative feedback signalling networks with eNOS, and good evidence indicates direct phosphorylation of eNOS by ERK in BAECs [ 35].
Another group of 12 house officers, who joined the department during the week the study started, were invited to participate as negative controls because they had no prior exposure to known SARS patients.
The functional significance of these observations has been questioned and evidence from studies in the mouse strongly suggested that self-antigen-expressing cells, in the thymus, may participate in negative selection and mediate tolerogenic signals, some of which may culminate in the apoptotic death of autoreactive lymphocytes [ 31].
