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Written informed consent was not applicable in this case because the study was conducted mainly by telephone and agreement to participate implies consent.
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First of all, 24 elementary schools were involved in this study, with the parents of more than 850 children being invited to participate, implying that the response rate of this study was quite low (i.e., <7 %).
After fulfillment and submission of the baseline questionnaire, all runners will be screened for eligibility to participate, which implies fulfillment of the following inclusion criteria: 1. 18 years or above.
The participants' opportunity to select which group they wanted to participate in implied motivated participants in both interventions.
Written informed consent was obtained from all participants in the OPRA trial; for volunteers, consent to participate was implied by completion and return of the questionnaires.
where the tilde atop participating variables implies the effect of possible attacks.
Consent to participate was implied through questionnaire completion.
Consent to participate was implied by completion of the web-based survey.
Consent to participate was implied by the return of the completed questionnaire.
Consent to participate was implied with the completion of the questionnaire.
Consent to participate was implied by the return of a completed questionnaire.
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