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Two participants were current smokers, while one had a history of tobacco use but did not currently smoke.
One-tenth of the participants were current smokers (10%), while 26% reported a history of high blood pressure; 41% had intense exposure to the dust cloud.
A non-experimental descriptive research design was used, and participants were current members of the Victorian branch of the Australian College of Midwives.
Participants were current or former smokers ages 50 79 and were selected to represent the spectrum of visual radiographic emphysema and airflow obstruction (Table S1, Table S2, Table S3).
aNone of the participants were current smokers.
The majority of participants were current smokers.
Similar(15)
Participants are current outpatients who have been clinically stable for at least six weeks, are able to perform exercise, and can understand and write English.
To further evaluate this potential effect, a 30-day, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, and randomized clinical trial was conducted with research participants who were current heavy smokers.
Of these participants, three were current smokers and one was hypertensive under an optimal therapeutic control.
Participants who were current non-drinkers were characterised as either 'lifelong abstainers' or 'ex-drinkers'.
Moreover, although weaker, the associations remained consistent after excluding participants who were current smokers at baseline.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com