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Starting with the participants, studies of the sperm count of the average man are supposed to preclude men with fertility problems.
Participants: Studies of mainly patients of pesticide poisoning were excluded.
Types of participants: Studies including community-dwelling (non-institutionalized) older adults (mean age > 60 years).
In all three studies the true purpose of the research is withheld from participants (Studies A, B, and C).
Because none of the participants' studies focused on medical knowledge (e.g., medicine, pharmacy), they were assumed to be laypeople in this domain.
We found that characteristics of participants, studies, and the environments in which they were conducted affect the accuracy of ambient PM2.5 as a proxy for personal exposure and that the potential for exposure misclassification may be substantial.
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After administration, participants studied faces and houses.
Participants studied words in one of two colours.
In Experiment 2, participants studied sound symbolic congruent and incongruent nonword and participant-generated definition pairings.
Participants studied a sequence of related, but superficially different, proverb pairs.
Participants studied 28 nonwords and their definitions for an unspecified memory task.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com