participants, interventions, comparisons and outcomes.
Two authors independently extracted data from all eligible studies, including study design, participants, interventions, and outcomes.
A wide range of participants, interventions and outcomes were measured which made comparative analysis difficult.
Criteria for considering studies for the review covered types of studies, participants, interventions and outcome measures.
The clinical question should specify the type of participants, interventions, and outcomes that are of interest [22].
Table 1 Participants, interventions, comparison and outcome measures of all studies and quality score STROBE checklist Reference no.
Criteria of exclusion and inclusion were employed with reference to the Participants, Interventions, Comparisons, Outcomes and Study design (PICOS) framework.
We adapted the Participants, Interventions, Comparison groups, Outcomes, and Study designs (PICOS) model in conducting the systematic review.
Study design, participants, interventions, comparators, and outcomes need to be clearly defined, and statistical methods need to be applied precisely.
The following criteria were used to inform study selection, with reference to participants, interventions, comparators, outcomes, and study design (PICOS) [23,34].
Data items obtained from the included articles were as follows: participants, interventions, comparisons, outcomes, study design and setting (PICOS), allocation, sample size, and possible bias.
