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Knowledge of this will either be made explicit to the participants (explicit condition) or not (implicit condition).
Also, these studies focused on giving participants explicit instructions about how to attend and when to make their decision, making the task itself somewhat less naturalistic than playing in an actual game would be.
We gave participants explicit instructions about how the speed networking would work--e.g., "If you're seated on SIDE B, when you hear the signal, you need to get up and move one chair to the right --then gave them a sample of the cowbell sound that would cue them to change paright --then
The results, shown in Table 1, indicate that the exclusion of this factor from the full model did not significantly affect the amount of variance that could be explained, i.e., participants' explicit perceptions of which candidate was favoured by the worm, did not uniquely predict their judgments of the debate winner.
The participants' explicit reports on the source of their success showed that even when they pronounced the new verbs correctly (>75% phonological correct), their ability to explicitly describe their performance (i.e., describe what they were producing) was at best partial [47].
Experiment 2 was, additionally, designed to assess participants' explicit knowledge of the repeated tactile configurations.
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For one participant, explicit restrictions in this regard were framed as a means of 'backing up a doctor's call' in cases where clinicians are cognisant of the likely impact of obesity or smoking yet feel unable to refuse treatment on these grounds.
The eight feedback conditions were evenly distributed across participants (blocked explicit negative: 12.7%, blocked explicit positive: 12.3%, blocked assigned negative: 13.0%, blocked assigned positive: 12.0%, mixed explicit negative: 12.8%, mixed explicit positive: 12.2%, mixed assigned negative: 12.8%, and mixed assigned positive: 12.2%).
Aftereffects turned out to be somewhat smaller for young participants with explicit knowledge than for old participants without explicit knowledge, −6.3° vs. −10.6°, but this difference failed to approach significance, F 1,18) = 2.8, p>.1.
Participants provided explicit consent prior to participation in the study.
In order to exclude the possibility of non-significant age effects simply because of low statistical power due to a small number of cases in the younger group, we did a second set of ANOVAs involving the fourteen older participants without explicit knowledge and the five younger participants with full explicit knowledge.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com