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This partial trial design ensures that signal changes elicited by the warning signal can be disentangled from activity changes caused by subsequent heat pain or relief.
The 30% catch trial rate minimized subjects' anticipation of a partial trial, while maintaining a sufficient frequency of "whole" trials to allow proper estimation of the BOLD response.
This "partial trial design" makes it possible to separate the hemodynamic response to the second stimulus from the convolved responses to both stimuli (Ollinger, Corbetta, et al. 2001; Ollinger, Shulman, et al. 2001).
The experimental design is illustrated in Figure 1 A. The "partial trial" method, combined with hemodynamic deconvolution, allows all sentences in a given condition to be treated identically in the statistical analysis, regardless of whether or not they were followed by a picture, as the picture events were modeled separately.
It is important to note that subjects did not know which trials would be partial catch trials and which were whole trials until the partial trials terminated because the initial partial trial components (cue, preparatory fixation) were presented exactly as in whole trials.
Similar(55)
These results are not particularly sensitive to the fraction of partial trials, so accurate estimation of time courses can be obtained with lower percentages of partial trials (20 25%).
A fast event-related design with partial trials was used to separate the BOLD response associated with encoding, maintenance, and retrieval periods of the WM task.
Simulations show that optimal results are obtained if the intertrial intervals are as short as possible, if they follow an exponential distribution with at least three distinct values, and if 40% of the trials are partial trials.
Since the stimuli in our experimental paradigm have to follow in fixed order, however, the necessary design precautions to allow disentangling of the different contributions would either involve very long inter-stimulus intervals, or an enormous number of partial trials [55], [56], [57], in either case, making the paradigm too long to be compatible with a fMRI approach.
Twenty per cent of the trials (four trials of each condition) were partial trials that ended after the encoding phase without informing participants in advance.
Despite the fact that picture selection always followed sentence presentation, it was possible to disentangle the hemodynamic responses related to the 2 task stages using linear regression (Miezin et al. 2000), along with 2 techniques that served to reduce the correlation between the hemodynamic responses of the 2 stages: temporal jitter and partial trials (Ollinger et al. 2001).
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