Efforts to make education more engaging and personal are, at least in part, an effort to substitute for a strong cultural press.
KOSR was originally designed and patented in 1998 by Life Technologies Inc. (now Gibco, part of Invitrogen) to substitute for fetal bovine serum (FBS) in applications, such as the derivation and culture of mouse embryonic stem cells, where the use of FBS was problematic due to its high lot-to-lot variability.
For instance, Arrow keeps three material planners on-site at AMX who handle parts flow and look for ways to substitute parts that Arrow can supply for less.
Patients' health status (age and complexity of treatment) explain a part of the reluctance to substitute an original formulation by a generic, but this uncontrollable determinant is responsible for only a tiny part of substitution rate variations.
"The fact that participants were willing to substitute part of a tangible food item for the mere prospect of a relatively small monetary premium is intriguing," he said.
In particular, adults wanted to substitute part of their meal for the mere prospect of winning money or a lottery ticket, even when it was not guaranteed they would win it.
Fe and Mn, essential elements of human body, were added in the alloy to substitute part of Co element.
This research aims to substitute part of the concrete and the expensive rebar by a solid Amazonian wood deck structurally effective.
The aim has been to substitute part of the clay traditionally used for the manufacturing of bricks, between 3 and 10 wt.%, with the aforementioned residues, so obtaining ceramic pieces at three firing temperatures: 850, 950 and 1050 °C.
Our results have shown that the GO nanosheets serve as effective selective barriers and can achieve higher water permeability up to 86% without compromising membrane selectivity when used to substitute part of the PEI cross-linked selective layer.
