The European parliament's environment committee this week put the figure at €30bn, but environmental lobby groups talk of €35bn.
MEPs also voted to send the issue back to the parliament's environment committee for more debate.
I have written to the Scottish parliament's environment and rural affairs committee asking it to amend the current draft bill.
The European parliament's environment committee said in a statement: "Europe must stand up to irresponsible US policies by rejecting them at the petrol pump.
Bas Eickhout, a Green MEP on the European parliament's environment committee and dieselgate inquiry panel, promised action to ensure that the lessons of the VW scandal were learned.
In a sign of growing anger at the VW emissions-rigging scandal, which saw Martin Winterkorn resign on Wednesday, the European parliament's environment committee voted earlier today for real world air pollutant emissions tests to begin no later than 2017.
Governments across the EU could soon face a new round of tough new air pollution targets, after MEPs on the European parliament's environment committee narrowly voted in favour of fresh round of air quality standards.
In principle, the exemptions and loopholes "run counter [to] the aims and content of the basic regulation as expressed by the Euro 6 limit values," says the informal paper prepared for MEPs on the parliament's environment committee.
A few days later, Efsa's executive director Bernard Url hit back, complaining to the European parliament's environment committee that the scientists had not seen the evidence, and were leaving the domain of science by making their criticisms public.
Sabine Lecrenier, head of the cosmetics and medical devices unit of the commission's Directorate General for Health & Consumers, has already informed members of the European parliament's environment committee that it is "unlikely enough scientific progress" will have been made on alternatives by 2013.
In 2006, the Scottish Parliament's environment committee voted unanimously against plans for a 10p levy on plastic carrier bags at supermarket checkouts.
