Exact(1)
For parity, studies have found either no association [ 16, 20, 21] or a positive [ 15] or negative association [ 13, 22] with BC risk.
Similar(59)
Supporting this notion, a recent McKinsey Power of Parity Study, stated the global annual GDP could increase by as much as 26% if women and men play an identical role in the labor market by 2025.
Matching was on maternal age at delivery, parity, study site, and whether the birth occurred before or after the first colposcopy to ensure similar characteristics among women with term and preterm births.
For RRs of parity, seven studies [ 8- 10, 12- 15] used nulliparous women as the reference group, whereas one of our own studies [ 7] used never-pregnant women as the reference group.
In a nested case-control study of asymptomatic women matched for race, parity, and study center [ 27], cervical IL-6 concentrations measured at 24 weeks of gestation were elevated in women who delivered at <32 weeks of gestation (247 ± 365 versus 84 ± 129 pg/mL) and at <35 weeks of gestation (212 ± 339 versus 111 ± 186 pg/mL) compared to women who delivered at term.
The model was adjusted for maternal age, parity, and study setting (urban León, rural León, and Cuatro Santos).
Parity was studied using categories of first birth, 2nd-3rd birth and 4 or more births, with first birth as the reference group.
The likelihood of having a C-section was associated with living in urban areas and in the southern region, having a formal education and living in a rich household, even adjusting for age and parity (and study periods).
After adjustment for maternal age, calendar year of child's birth, parity, and study cohort, the OR for having a male infant comparing exposed to unexposed women was 1.05 (95% CI, 0.95 1.17).
As regards the effect of parity, a study in the United States of America found that women having repeat abortions were not only likely to have had prior births, but were more likely to have had three or more prior births [ 13].
Participants From a cohort of 11 471 women with at least one histological sample taken at colposcopy and a live singleton birth (before or after colposcopy), 1313 women with a preterm birth 20-366 weres) were identified and frequency matched on maternal age at delivery, parity, and study site to 1313 women with term births 38-42 weekss). 38-42 weeks
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