Although the associations were attenuated with adjustment for possible confounding factors such as age, parity, child abuse, civil status, education, social support and depression prior to the pregnancy, the substantial associations remained in the fully adjusted models.
Of all the campaigns women have fought for equality, reaching parity for alcohol abuse would be our most joyless victory.
The act will extend health care to 32 million Americans, and the National Association of Psychiatric Health Systems reports that this "specifically includes mental health and substance abuse parity benefits".
Model 3 adjusted for age, parity, civil status, child abuse, education, social support, and prior depression.
Model 2 adjusted for age, parity, civil status, child abuse, education.
Results: Significant and positive associations with physical violence were found for race, employment, and parity (≥1); risk of verbal abuse included employment, history of sexual abuse, and inconsistent condom and prescription contraceptive use.
cPrior sexual abuse, medical risk, parity and education are dichotomous variables, means are therefore indicating proportions.
aPrior sexual abuse, medical risk, parity and education are dichotomous variables.
Model 3 adjusted for age, parity, civil status, education, child abuse, social support, and prior depression.
‡Adjusted for marital status, education, place of residence, mothers' age, ethnicity, parity, smoking before pregnancy, alcohol abuse during pregnancy, and infant sex.
