For example a child observes his/her parent's behaviour, and emulates this parental style when becoming a parent ('Social Learning' theory) or a child develops an attachment style as a result of parent infant interaction, which is replicated when the child becomes a parent.
Altogether, we conclude that, besides the direct influences of parents as role-models, parental style as indicated by poor emotional relationships and communication and by authoritarian parenting may play a significant role in the socialization of deviant political behavior.
This could explain why parents who demonstrate an authoritative parental style at home are more likely to engage towards transformational leadership at work as demonstrated in the studies of Morton et al. (2011) and Jex & Britt, (2008).
A specific objective of this study was to collect data on family culture that include socio-economic characteristics of the family, parents and children's communication, parental monitoring, parental style of upbringing, encouragement of individuals and social support, and family time [ 24].
Baumrind (1991) has identified two key dimensions underlying parental style: demandingness is the extent to which parents show maturity demands, supervision, disciplinary efforts and willingness to confront the child who disobeys; responsiveness is the extent to which parents show affective warmth, acceptance, and involvement.
Both parental style and practices are influenced by the resources parents can mobilize to reach their goals.
According to Baumrind (1991) typology of parental styles, parents can be categorized as employing one of the four parenting styles (Authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, neglecting), representing attitudes and values toward parenting, communication patterns with their children, and specific practices they employ in socializing their children.
Parents and parental styles are important in the adaptation process to diseases (Santos et al. 2013a).
These include personal (e.g. age, ethnicity, substance abuse, emotional disorders, risk perceptions), family (e.g. parental smoking, parenting styles, parental attitudes towards smoking, socioeconomic status), social (e.g. peer smoking), and environmental factors (e.g. tobacco advertising, cigarette pricing).
Proximal targets of parenting style, parental self-efficacy, parental mental health, parental adjustment, parent-infant attachment, couple relationship satisfaction and couple communication will also be assessed.
H Parents who participated in Baby Triple P for Preterm infants will have significantly better parent and couple outcomes than parents who received CAU (including parenting style, parental self-efficacy, parental mental health and relationship satisfaction).
