Previous studies focused on social parasitism and its effect on host colonies.
Previous studies focused on social parasitism and its effect on host colonies [e.g. [ 17, 18, 29]].
Since B. malayi (Clade III) is phylogentically more distant from A. caninum than C. elegans (both are in Clade V) [ 12], B. malayi would share a similar level of homology with both C. elegans and A. caninum if parasitism had no effect on gene evolution.
We are currently investigating fecundity among parasitized clonal lines and other sub-lethal effects of parasitism, but preliminary trials indicate parasitized aphids that survive have similar fecundity to unparasitized controls (AJM unpublished).
At different stages of growth, pasture species may facilitate or impede the survival of free-living populations, the establishment of parasite burdens and lessen or intensify the effects of parasitism on the host.
To date, two studies have tested the effect of parasitism on FMR, with both reporting no effect.
In both models, age, sex, parasite status (infected or not), time of day and month were included as predictor variables, along with two way interactions between parasite status and each of age, sex and year, to determine whether any effects of parasitism on immunological variables varied between ages, sexes or years.
The results showed that increasing snail abundance and parasitism generally had opposite effects on the community of microphytobenthos and zoobenthos.
Measurement of carcass weight and/or lean meat yield may better reflect the true economic effects of parasitism in sheep.
In this study, the effects of parasitism by Anacanthorus spathulatus on hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Ht), red blood cells (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), glucose levels, and leucocytes were analyzed in Colossomamacropomum.
