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The data in Fig. 3B–I describe how the acoustic parameters of call Types I, II and III changed with age.
We then digitised calls and carried out a semi-automatic extraction of six acoustic parameters of call elements, including mean and maximum acoustic frequency, the length of call elements and the location of the maximum frequency and amplitude within calls.
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To estimate the parameters of calling song characters for use as the test stimulus, I recorded calling songs of 25 males that were caught in the field.
Probably largely because of those difficulties, most field studies have concentrated only on frequency or temporal parameters of calls [10] with few including intensity [7], [11], [12].
Approaching stimulation manipulated the distance and so it must have affected the structural parameters of calls, which could be useful in the distance assessment.
In summary, acoustical parameters of calls were not related to natural variation in chick body condition, experimental manipulation did not alter acoustical parameters and parents did not adjust their food delivery in relation to these characteristics of begging calls.
This could be achieved either by the assessment of structural parameters of calls, which could change only with distance (calling samples were homogenous with this respect), or by active movements by the focal male.
Therefore, if subjects respond with forward or backward movements (proxies of attack and retreat), it might suggest that they assessed the distance primarily based on structural parameters of calls or the change in the call amplitude.
In contrast, if subjects respond with sideway movements, it might suggest that males required several independent measurements of different angles to the speaker to assess the distance reliably, and that the information from structural parameters of calls or the change in the call amplitude is insufficient.
In the present study we focused on masking effects of BFN20 and used it as a model stimulus for anthropogenic noise to investigate how this noise affected call parameters of echolocation calls, such as their frequency, amplitude, duration and rate.
Although DFAs using differing numbers of variables are not directly comparable, the higher assignment rate of the DFAs using acoustic parameters of both call parts demonstrates that a composite call, i.e. increased complexity within a signal, provides enhanced discrimination compared to each call part alone.
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