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Both stable and unstable crack propagation occurred preferentially parallel to the orientation of the microstructure.
l is defined as the 3D dimension which direction is parallel to the orientation of the object.
We see that the axial field orientation is nearly parallel to the orientation of the sheared field in the solar source region only for the cases of the torus La-1 and the torus Lb-1.
The direction of extensional stresses induced by the co- and post-seismic deformation is almost parallel to the orientation of the σ3 axes, while it is perpendicular to the orientations of the σ1 and σ2 axes (Fig. 2b).
Shear-wave splitting in the crust is related to the orientation of faults or cracks, and it is thought that propagating cracks are preferentially aligned parallel to the orientation of the maximum stress axis, in turn meaning that the polarization direction should also be parallel to the maximum stress axis (Crampin, 1981).
At crustal depths, anisotropy is almost constant in the models: the fast direction of anisotropy is close to being parallel to the orientation of the RRSZ (NW/SE) in the SW, whereas the NE of the model does not display significant anisotropy.
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The majority of neurites grow parallel to the orientation direction of the collagen.
In tensile loading parallel to the orientation direction of the pores (the "pore direction"), the porous Mg exhibited a large tensile elongation of ∼60% strain despite the presence of ∼42% porosity, whereas it showed high energy absorption of ∼30 kJ kg−1 along the same direction.
The nanostructured samples were excited with the laser beam polarized parallel to the orientation direction of the pillars and the Raman signal measured polarized either parallel or perpendicular to the polymer backbones.
The failure times for crack growth perpendicular to the orientation direction varied exponentially with the draw ratio, and for crack growth parallel to the orientation direction the time of failure decreased to zero for a draw ratio of about 1.5.
It is worth noting that all cracks preferentially propagate parallel to the orientation, keeping accordance with aligned directions of surface slate-like characteristic.
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