This axis mainly discriminates grass eaters from other types of diet by separating robust mandibles with a strong symphysis, short parallel tooth rows, a thin angular process, and a condyle distally positioned, from mandibles showing a slender symphysis, elongated and convergent tooth rows, a distally positioned angular process, and a condyle anteriorly positioned.
Among this variation, the morphology of the mandible of Laonastes aenigmamus is unique in displaying a short diastema, a low condyle, parallel tooth rows, and an angular process, which is slightly lateral to the plane of the alveolus of the incisors.
The "octodontoid" type [30], displayed by Ctenomyidae, is characterized by a short diastema, a short incisivo-condylar length, a high and rounded mandibular condyle well individualized, parallel tooth rows, and a narrow angular process distinctly lateral to the plan defined by the alveolus of the incisors.
This suggests that if the sound region measurements of the current study were also performed in the direction parallel to tooth axis, a slightly higher velocity value would be obtained increasing the difference between the WSL and the sound enamel dispersion curves.
Along the Adriatic coast a good number run parallel like the teeth of a comb down from the Apennines through Molise, Abruzzo, and Marche regions.
The retraction force of 0.5 N and intrusive force of 0.25 N were loaded perpendicularly and parallel to the teeth, respectively.
Both specimens, fragments of the lower jaw several centimeters in length, had distinctive patterns of several parallel rows of teeth that were unlike anything else in the fossil record of either fishes or tetrapods.
The subfamily Vesicomyinae includes only the genus Vesicomya, which is characterized by small body size (usually less than 10 mm), thin cardinal teeth parallel to the hinge margin, short siphons, lack of pallial sinus, non-reduced gut, two pairs of demibranchs, and an absence of subfilamental tissue in the gills.
