Specifically, IL-4-producing T cells are elevated in patients with cancers that parallel worse prognosis [ 44– 44].
For many cancer types, there has been a parallel improvement in prognosis (Lin and Winer, 2007; Vora and Reckamp, 2008), likely in part because of the earlier detection of indolent tumours (Cancer Incidence in Sweden, 2007), but also because of the introduction of more effective treatment.
This parallel analysis permits tumor prognosis and classification [ 3, 4], drug target validation [ 5], toxicology evaluations [ 6, 7], and functional discovery [ 8, 9].
In this trial, reduction of proteinuria of >30% was highly significant and associated with reduced incidence of renal end points (mostly renal replacement therapy) (18) and, in parallel, to improved cardiovascular prognosis with respect to the cardiovascular combined end point, as well as to congestive heart failure (19) (Fig. 2).
Interstitial fibrosis, altered collagen cross-link formation and impairment of diastolic and systolic ventricular function are markers of advanced heart failure and are potentially influenced by neuroendocrine activation and β-adrenergic signal transduction changes, which go in parallel with a poor prognosis [ 5, 23, 30].
This parallels the finding of worsening prognosis with increased mitochondrial mutation cervical cancer [38].
In severe sepsis and septic shock, the increase of serum cortisol levels parallels the severity of infection and prognosis of patients [ 36].
Paraneoplastic DM is not associated with poorer prognosis and commonly demonstrates a parallel regression of the dermal lesions and muscular symptoms when the cancer is in remission and return with malignancy recurrence as highlighted by our patient.
The relapse rate has decreased in parallel with the improving results, but the prognosis after relapse has not improved.
Since the early 1970s, infarct size has been identified as a major predictor of prognosis after myocardial infarction: infarct size parallels with arrhythmia, heart failure, and mortality [ 1].
