Firms shouldn't be penalized for practices that are parallel but not actually harmful, nor for mere "parallel pricing".
Programming, to appear, doi 10.1007/s10107-007-0106-8] (which is a generalization of the approximation algorithm proposed by Grigoriadis and Khachiyan [Coordination complexity of parallel price-directive decomposition, Math. Oper. Res. 2 (1996) 321 340]).
"You can have parallel pricing, but if you strike a deal you are entering the world of collusion…What [Brooks] has alleged is she had instructions.
The main explanation comes from the combination of vertical integration and multimarket setting, which allows parallel pricing behaviors in the British retail market.
Another clear sign of strain is a surge in the parallel-market price of the dollar.
We develop an exact solution approach for the MEP based on a nontrivial combination of a parallel branch-price-and-cut scheme and a non-isomorphic enumeration of all possible solutions to the problem.
Instead, through-and-out rates should be retained and used as the basis for parallel-path pricing.
Pricing should run parallel to the $1.50 to $2.50 price range that ringtones and wallpapers go for, he says.
However, this method does not adjust for differences in health care factor costs that are not parallel to general cost and price levels of the economy.
The disparities in gas prices parallel those uncovered just five years ago in a wave of scandals involving royalty payments for oil.
But Paul Stevens of Chatham House, a think-tank, is among those who see parallels with the price crash of 1986 caused when high prices hit demand and brought forth new sources of supply from the North Sea and Alaska.
