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To systematically investigate the effects of molecular microenvironments on cell fate decisions, we developed an experimental method based on parallel exposure of cells to diverse combinations of extracellular signals followed by quantitative, multi-parameter analysis of cellular responses.
This allows parallel exposure of rectangular pattern elements of 5 500 μm side with protons up to 6 MeV and heavy ions (20Ne, 85Kr) up to few 100 MeV.
To systematically study the effects of molecular microenvironments on stem cell fate, we designed a cell microarray based on parallel exposure of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to surface-immobilised collagen I (Coll I) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP 2).
In a two-cohort study design, 48 females (24/cohort) were assigned to parallel exposure groups at 0 (control), 200, 600, or 1800 ppm methanol vapor for approximately 2.5 h/day, 7 days/week throughout breeding and pregnancy.
In parallel, exposure of non-stimulated monocytes to various doses of pravastatin resulted in inhibition of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 protein expression (up to 15-fold), reduction of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels (up to 2.4-fold) and a total loss of metalloproteinase-9 activity in stimulated cells.
Compared with wild-type GITR-Ig, treatment of primary AML and CLL cells with mutants containing a S239D/I332E modification potently increased cytotoxicity, degranulation, and cytokine production of NK cells in a target-antigen dependent manner witarget-antigen dependentg observed with CLL cells upon parallel exposure to Rituximanner
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We performed parallel exposures in F344 rats and Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) to the alkylating hepatocarcinogen, dimethylnitrosamine (DMN).
However, non-significant differences in the ratio of Cr III) and Cr VI) released into solution were observed in this study when parallel exposures in aerated and de-aerated phosphate buffer solutions were compared.
Mice were exposed continuously to 0.3 ppm ozone for 6, 24, 48, or 72 hr as previously described (Cho et al. 2007), and parallel exposures to filtered air were performed in a separate chamber for the same duration.
Since in the same year a person could potentially have been exposed to different substances, parallel exposures to multiple substances reported in the SCL during the same year were registered.
We then followed the impact of Ag ions or AgNPs on selenium metabolism at either the nanomolar range (Ag ions) or micromolar range (AgNPs) because these exposures parallel recent exposure studies that have revealed changes in oxidative stress responses and cell proliferation (Powers et al. 2010a, 2010b; Samberg et al. 2010; Scown et al. 2010; Wu et al. 2010).
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