Thus, all of the major features of parallel models are present in our model of sequential grooming behavior (parallel activation, competition, activity gradient, winner-take-all selection, and deletion).
That is to say, In Figure 2, there are parallel activation processes: A1 activates B1, A2 activates B2.
Butyrate induces apoptosis in cancer cells through various mechanisms including alteration of gene transcription via histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity and parallel activation of mitochondrial-dependent intrinsic and receptor mediated extrinsic pathways.
In addition to Akt/mTOR signalling, we found that GDF15 induced the parallel activation of the MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathway.
In addition, high isocitrate lyase activity together with the parallel activation of cytosolic aconitase and malate synthase might be indicative of an increased capacity of the glyoxylate shunt to accommodate carbon flux, thereby creating the potential to bypass 2-OG production in the Krebs cycle.
The c-JUN NH 2-terminal kinase (JNK) and inhibitor κB kinase (IKK), activated by ROS [ 14, 15], parallel activation of protein kinase C (PKC) by DAG, all of which act to down-regulate insulin action by preventing insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) phosphorylation [ 13].
However, it cannot be completely ruled out that such ipsilaterally related neuronal activity may be, at least in part, due to parallel activation of proximal muscles, or that it may correspond to an inhibition of movements with the opposite hand in unimanual tasks (for instance to prevent mirror movements).
Agent technologies facilitate the software testing by virtue of their high-level independency with parallel activation and automation.
Thus, these findings are consistent with the concept that parallel activation of vestibular and cranial nociceptive pathways may contribute to the otologic features of migraine-related dizziness.
In parallel, activation initiates context-specific gene-expression programs that drive effector functions and cell fates that correlate with changes in epigenetic landscapes.
However, it is still debated whether these processes are mediated by the sequential and/or parallel activation of the frontoparietal areas.
