The second phase (phase 2), which is reported here, studied a random sub-sample of 1,836 respondents from the above sample of which 1,682 (91.61%) agreed to participate in the face-to-face structured interview using the Arabic version of WMH-CIDI, PAPI (Paper and Pencil Instrument) version 3.0 [ 14].
74 75 CIDI is available in two formats: the paper form or PAPI (Paper and Pencil Interviewing) and the computerised form or CAPI, designed to ease the handling of elaborate skip and complex randomisation patterns and to facilitate data entry with a resulting reduction in interview time and errors in data collection and recording.
One limitation was that it was the first telephone survey on the KAP towards IDD in China; the traditional Pencil-And-Paper-Interview (PAPI) method was taken rather than Computer-Aided-Telephone Interview (CATI).
Between 1995 and 2004, the interviews were conducted with paper and pencil (PAPI), whereas from 2005 onwards, interviews were carried out via computer-aided personal interviews (CAPI).
Face-to-face techniques, such as paper-and-pencil personal interviewing (PAPI), computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI), and interviewer-supported self-administration (SELF), are much more expensive than computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI).
In face-to-face procedures (FACE), interviewers typically read questions and answer formats aloud to respondents and then note or mark responses either on a paper questionnaire (paper-assisted personal interviewing; PAPI) or with a special CAPI software program on a portable computer.
In the German SOEP (Wagner et al., 2007) and a related telephone-interviewing study, a short 15-item version of the Big Five Inventory (BFI S) was assessed with different survey methods such as CAPI, PAPI, and CATI, as well as traditional self-administered paper-and-pencil questionnaires (SELF) with or without an interviewer present.
For example, PAPI means that the interviewer marks the participant's responses on paper (i.e., PAPI without self-completion) or, alternatively, assists the respondent with completing the questionnaire (i.e., PAPI assisted).
"PAPI, is this correct?" Sherley Escribana asked, showing a piece of blue-inked tracing paper to a fellow tattoo artist at the Macdougal Street Tattoo Company in Greenwich Village.
In sum, 6,532 participants took part in the paper-assisted conditions in 2005 (PAPI without self-completion: N = 5,137; PAPI assisted: N = 1,395).
