Your English writing platform
Discover LudwigSuggestions(1)
Exact(38)
The papers excluded at this stage were mainly studies that were not fully focused on safety and/or did not include evaluation or case studies of the VE with the involvement of learners.
Regarding the papers excluded from the first filtered 23 publications, the articles (Zheng and Lyu [2008], [2010b]) are short versions of another article (Zheng and Lyu [2010a]), the article (Abdeldjelil et al. [2012]) is also an extended version of the article (Faci et al. [2011]).
Papers excluded were typically conceptual papers presenting evaluation methods without presenting conclusions, studies on design feedback from participants (often students) that were not also within the target user group of the system, and studies that did not include qualitative design feedback but only quantitative data collection (e.g. set-response questionnaires).
This resulted in a difference in the proportion of papers excluded between periods.
A second reviewer (FMW) independently assessed a random selection of papers excluded at that stage.
The abstracts of the remaining 136 studies were assessed, and a further 93 papers excluded.
Similar(22)
For example, the white paper excluded information found in the National Intelligence Estimate, like the names of intelligence agencies that had dissented from some of the findings, most importantly on Iraq's nuclear weapons program.
However, Shafi's paper excluded AIs/ANs from the analysis (Shafi et al. 2007).
Likewise, the following papers were excluded: Papers that involved defect detection but not resolution.
If he could read just one daily paper, excluding his own titles, it would be the Guardian.
This paper excludes these differences using control variables.
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com