Those that have paperless trails avoid identification, fines and prosecution.
The House majority leader, Representative Steny H. Hoyer, Democrat of Maryland, and the original sponsor of the bill, Representative Rush D. Holt, Democrat of New Jersey, said it would require hundreds of counties with paperless machines to install backup paper trails by the presidential election next year while giving most states until 2012 to upgrade their machines further.
Trusts including St Helen's & Knowlsey and Liverpool and Broadgreen have blazed a trail, building advanced systems to support paperless working practices and the fast-growing universe of digital clinical and patient data.
In the last year or so, at least 27 states have adopted measures requiring a paper trail, which has often involved replacing paperless touch-screen machines with ones that have a printer attached.
The critical need to replace paperless voting machines with ones that keep a paper trail was not addressed.
It lies, if long forgotten, behind every argument about how we ought to vote now, from the 2002 Help America Vote Act's promotion of paperless voting to the more recent backlash, favoring a paper trail.
While he understands people's trepidation about voting on a system that doesn't have a paper trail, Selker insists that rigorous testing can detect malicious code in paperless voting systems.
"There's no question in my mind that ultimately there will be paper trails in every county in Florida," said Representative Robert Wexler, a Florida Democrat whose suits challenging paperless voting systems are on appeal.
The trail also leads to the sinister company that employed the victim, where he was said to have worked in a completely computerized, paperless environment.
