The sound of the panel when lightly tapped with a knuckle can also be revealing, as can a sighting at a low angle that will reveal ripples if the paint is shinny.
"Dispute settlement panels do not lightly assume the existence of unwritten measures," said Carolyn Gleason, a partner at the McDermott Will & Emery law firm in Washington who has specialized in W.T.O.
But on the lightly patterned panels, dappled with flowers, overhung with trees, there are no shadows.
Some of the comics appear as static panels, while others are lightly spiced with soundtracks, audio effects and minimal animation, and this will continue.
At Neue Alte Brücke, Will Benedict, an American artist who lives in Vienna, is making his New York debut with a series of hybrid works that set small, gestural semi-abstract canvases into lightly painted panels collaged with nearly life-size cutout photographs of a man and a woman having tea or drinks.
Therefore a research project was undertaken to investigate the interactive buckling behaviour of lightly profiled panels with varying depths and spacings of the ribs using a series of experiments and finite element analyses.
A new improved design formula was developed for the safe and economical design of lightly profiled panels that takes into account the interaction between local buckling and flexural wrinkling.
However, in the lightly profiled panels, when the depth or spacing of the ribs increases, flat plate buckling between the ribs occurs leading to the failure of the entire panel due to the interaction between local buckling and flexural wrinkling modes.
Where buckling stresses for lightly loaded (thin) panels are relatively low, increased stiffening could be used to reduce effective panel widths but this comes with increased manufacturing costs.
For the flat and lightly profiled sandwich panels, flexural wrinkling is an extremely important design criterion as the behaviour of these panels is governed mainly by flexural wrinkling.
