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Pappaioanou and Gramer, "Lessons from Pandemic H1n1 2009 to Improve Prevention, Detection, and Response to Infl Uenza Pandemics from a One Health Perspective".
M Pappaioanou and M Gramer, "Lessons from Pandemic H1n1 2009 to Improve Prevention, Detection, and Response to Infl Uenza Pandemics from a One Health Perspective," ILAR Journal 51, no. 3 (2010).
Their unpublished results match that strain with those that caused pandemics from 1899 to 1923; all these strains differ from the El Tor strain that swept Haiti last year.
The list of human-caused catastrophic risks is by now widely familiar: nuclear weapons, global warming and other ecological disruptions, pandemics from pathogens engineered by biotechnology, runaway artificial intelligence, and various other threats.
We have utilised data from studies of past pandemics, from seasonal influenza epidemics and from related modelling work to set parameters but some parameters remain difficult to estimate.
New Zealand data made it possible to describe health outcomes by ethnicity for pandemics from 1918 onwards.
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Given current numbers the risk of a global pandemic from bioterrorism seems very small.
It's the right thing to do, and it prevents the next pandemic from reaching our shores.
WFP now has a list of 60 top items that will be needed in a pandemic, from rubber gloves and face masks to needles and sterilisation equipment.
Unfortunately, a universal vaccine will not be ready soon enough to combat a possible pandemic from the new strain of swine flu that has already sickened thousands of people.
Over the last few decades, the world has had several near-misses on a true global pandemic, from the Ebola outbreak in West Africa to various strains of avian influenza to, most recently, the rapid spread of Zika.
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