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Young's modulus for the implant material was obtained from uniaxial tests, and the PET implant pillars were inserted to the 3D soft palate model.
The safety of the formulations was tested by studying their effects on mucociliary transport rate (MTR) in a frog palate model and by measuring injury markers in rat bronchoalveolar fluid.
XL "C" (calcium chloride 5 μL) applied topically to our ex vivo frog palate model, causes mucus "clumping" without modifying the normal physical appearance of the ciliated surface when compared with ciliated surface exposed to frog Ringer solution.
The ex-vivo frog palate model is an excellent model for assessing the effect of the mucomodulators on the mucus-cilia interaction undisturbed by internal or external factors like airflow.
The results were quite striking: we were able to achieve increased "expectoration" in our cough machine model, along with normal mucociliary clearance in the frog palate model, and yet achieve our desired target of a significant reduction in fine aerosol formation [ 9].
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To assess the effect of the mucomodulators on the clearability of airway mucus by ciliary action on a ciliated epithelium and on the intact airways we moved from basic laboratory to our ex-vivo frog palate exposure model then to an in-vivo large mammal model.
We also used our ex vivo frog palate exposure model in combination with our simulated cough machine to assess the clearability as well as the aerosol formation capability of the artificial mucus with or without mucomodulators.
The soft palate is modelled by a beam clamped at its leading edge and free at its trailing edge.
The two-arm RPEs seem to be stiffer than their four-arm counterparts, and although from a mechanical perspective both are effective means of bringing about rapid expansion of the palate, certain models of the four-arm RPE may not express sufficient force to separate the median suture after puberty.
We are studying cleft lip and palate as a model birth defect to determine whether an increased pediatric care model can decrease mortality and morbidity in an infant population born in-hospital mainly to indigent populations in South America.
Several observers had raised questions previously about the adequacy of the frog palate as a model to assess airway mucus clearance, since in the first place it belongs to a non-mammalian species, in addition that it is non-respiratory.
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