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Classically, plant miRNAs usually associate with AGO1 to induce post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) of RNA by pairing to target sequences and resulting in RNA slicing and/or translation inhibition [47,48].
Distinct from small regulatory ncRNAs that regulate gene expression mainly through base pairing to target transcripts, most identified lncRNAs play significant roles in regulating protein activity or maintaining the integrity of protein complex.
Therefore, the target authenticates that the controller is a node requesting a pairing to target through the hash value and signature verification, and then it finishes all mutual authentication process.
By base pairing to target mRNAs, miRNAs can cause mRNA degradation and/or translational repression (Friedman et al. 2009).
In particular, mature microRNA (miRNA) molecules of approximately 22 nucleotides in length have been shown to inhibit gene expression by base pairing to target mRNA.
It is increasingly recognized that miRNAs have emerged as an important component in the regulation of gene expression, with imperfect base pairing, to target sites in the 3' UTR of the messenger RNAs [ 5].
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In addition, for microRNA induced regulation in animal, translation is inhibited by microRNA with imperfect base-pairing to target mRNA.
tasiRNAs and miRNAs have a similar mode of action: they base-pair to target mRNAs and post-transcriptionally control target mRNA and/or protein accumulation.
miRNAs regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally by base-pairing to target mRNAs mainly in 3'UTRs.
As part of miRISC, mature miRNAs base pair to target mRNAs and direct their repression.
For animal miRNAs that partially base pair to target sequences, several general characteristics further constrain miRNA target prediction [ 10].
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