The output of the pipeline consisted of a pair of orientation counts (s, a), for each genome and for each IS family, describing the number of IS elements presenting either of the two possible orientations.
The fundamental domain of this tiling of the cortical plane is the hypercolumn, which contains two sets of orientation preferences θ ∈ [0, π) per eye, organised around a pair of orientation singularities or pinwheels [ 37].
To test whether IS elements were distributed randomly in the pair of orientation classes, counts were contrasted against a random binomial distribution with P = 0.5 and a two-tailed P value was calculated (supplementary table S3, Supplementary Material online).
As a measure of neuronal discrimination performance, we calculated the neurons' capacity to discriminate between each combination pair of test orientations (d', Green and Swets, 1966), calculated by dividing the absolute difference between the neurons' mean firing rates by the rms standard deviation).
In addition, the pairing of single-orientation visual stimulation and the injection of depolarizing current to visual cortical neurons shifted preferred orientations towards the exposed orientation in adult cats as well as in kittens [41].
BAC end pairs of appropriate orientation and no more than 50-300 apart on any given chromosome were considered to be potentially collinear with the target genome.
To exploit the fact that neurons respond maximally at their preferred orientations and minimally at orientations orthogonal to their preferred orientations (Hubel and Wiesel 1962, 1968), we adopted the differential analysis method by introducing a pair of stimulation conditions whose orientations are orthogonal to each other.
To each link connecting two genomic fragments, we assigned a certain number of features, such as chromosomal location, number of pairs, orientation and order of the involved paired-ends.
The appearance of (002) diffractions as a pair of arcs indicates some orientation of the (002) planes occurring in the carbon tubes [29].
A sound designer proposed several non-speech sound signals based on two schemas: a pair of sounds for the orientation and confirmation functions, and a timeline sequence for the remaining distance.
For comparison, we make use of the HMM that models chromosomal locations of gene pair orientations.
