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In practice, Dube et al. (2012) do not impose this restriction (of identical pair effects across a given border).
Because there are only 791 4gamete haplotype blocks and therefore only 791 QTL pairs, another allelic combination (0-1) was used to designate additional QTL pair effects.
The data were inadequate to estimate secondary exposure-test serotype pair effects in addition to effects for individual strains or articles.
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It is the BH2-→Ge2- relation which is much more valid when compared to the BH2-→Si2, mainly due to the inert pair effect [14, 15].
where δ and ϕ are location and time fixed effects, respectively, and ϑ is a "pair effect" (specific to period t) shared by a pair of counties in different states but with a border in common.
The effect of the lanthanide contraction is noticeable up to platinum (element 78), after which it is masked by a relativistic effect known as the inert pair effect.
This suggests a decreasing stability for the higher oxidation states as the group is descended due to the increasing importance of relativistic effects, especially the inert pair effect.
The instability of Rn VIII) is due to the relativistic stabilization of the 6s shell, also known as the inert pair effect.
While Tl+ is stabilized by the inert pair effect, this inert pair of 6s electrons is still able to participate chemically, so that these electrons are stereochemically active in aqueous solution.
The stabilization of the 7s electrons is called the inert pair effect, and the effect "tearing" the 7p subshell into the more stabilized and the less stabilized parts is called subshell splitting.
Such unusual behavior is rationalized by considering the inert pair effect, which occurs because of the stabilization of the 6s-orbital due to relativistic effects, which are stronger closer to the bottom of the periodic table.
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