According to previous research, pain avoidance belief in general practitioners is associated with prescribing sick leave during painful periods of ALBP [ 24, 25].
It is called pain avoidance.
For most people, in front of a sudden trauma, unrealistic feeling would appear, then came more symptoms such as anxiety and painful memories, and avoidance of people and environment which was related to trauma.
However, according to the fear-avoidance theory of pain, one reaction to an expected painful stimulus may be avoidance behaviour [ 47].
According to this view, pain is maintained through hypervigilance towards painful sensations and subsequent avoidance.
Most of the actions of patients with chronic pain are aimed at avoiding painful sensations and emotions as well as thoughts or memories associated with pain, but paradoxically, as has been widely documented [ 8, 9], avoidance behaviour leads to disability.
As early as the 1950s, it was found that animals raised in deprived environments show less intense reactions to pain stimuli (Nissen et al. 1951) and take longer to learn avoidance of painful stimuli (Melzack and Scott 1957).
Such changes affect the great majority of patients with implantable pulse generators, requiring them to use the external programmer for avoidance of painful paresthesias or even to disconnect the generator, leading to loss of pain relief.
Vaginal progesterone gel also offers the advantages of ease of use and avoidance of painful i.m. injections.
According to cognitive-behavioral models, such as the fear-avoidance models [ 4, 5] or the avoidance-endurance model of chronic pain [ 6], painful experiences will elicit a fear of movement/(re)injury in certain individuals, which often leads to behavioral avoidance and, in the long run, disuse, depression and increased disability.
