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This questionnaire consists of 6 factors: pain transformation, distraction, reducing demands, retreating, worrying and resting.
This paper showed "pain transformation" was related to more pain at follow-up in knee osteoarthritis [ 21].
One previous study grouped ignoring pain sensations with "pain transformation" which also included coping styles such as pretending the pain is less severe.
Items are scored on a 4 point scale and the following subscales (3-9 items per subscale) can be distinguished: 1. pain transformation; 2. distraction; 3. reduction demands; 4. retreating; 5. worrying; 6. resting.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com