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Exact(4)
There is a slight difference in the prevalence of back pain (95% CI 0.20, 4.27) among those who report chronic pain (excluding fibromyalgia and arthritis).
Since these measures are not specific to pain per se, their relevance in the assessment of pain must be worked out with specific types of pain excluding external influences.
Other pain (excluding abdominal, bone or tumour pain, headache, arthralgia, or myalgia) occurred in 30% of patients, and abnormal AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and bilirubin levels were the most frequent hepatic-related events (occurring in ⩾20% of patients).
Female non pregnant patients, without complicating factors, presenting with at least one urinary symptom (i.e. frequency, dysuria, hematuria, suprapubic pain, excluding fever and vaginal symptoms), and a positive urine culture were assigned to the group "Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis" (AUC) [ 3].
Similar(56)
The primary outcome was the proportion of subjects experiencing any grade 2 adverse event possibly, probably or certainly vaccination-related, injection-site pain excluded (as specified in the protocol).
Patients with WAD were defined by answering "Yes" to the question "Did the accident cause neck or shoulder pain?" Excluded were patients who were not in a motor vehicle when injured and patients reporting their injury to SGI more than 42 days after the collision.
We identified a total of 44 genes, of which 136 SNPs had been reported at least twice with any pain phenotype (excluding facial pain, migraine, postoperative pain and response to drug therapy), and we examined the association of these 136 SNPs with CWP in the GWAS stage 1 meta-analysis.
It is possible that the observed relative weakness of the ipsilateral limb may have been related to chronic pain and disuse or acute pain of the affected limb during testing; although subjects with knee pain were excluded, hip pain might have referred distal effects.
We select for patients with relatively new onset episodes of back pain by excluding those with visits for back pain in the previous 6 months.
We included number of pain sites (excluding low back and pelvic area) in the multivariable analyses, and found that it did not contribute in any of the models.
We therefore reran all regression models, controlling for RT and error-rate difference scores (pain − no pain) to exclude the possibility that differing cognitive conflict demands could account for our findings.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com