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CCG: Clinical Commissioning Group DMSES-UKK: Diabetes management self efficacy scale; GP: General practice; NHS National Health Servicee; NICE: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence NPTT: Normalisation process theory; PAID: Problem Areas in Diabetes; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
PAID Problem Areas In Diabetes scale; Higher total PAID scores represent greater diabetes related distress.
T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; RCT: Randomised controlled trial; MRC Medical Research Councill; PAID: Problem Areas in Diabetes questionnaire; MID: Minimal important differences; SD: Standard deviation.
HbA1c, weight, self-reported hypoglycemia awareness, severe hypoglycemia frequency, PAID (Problem Areas In Diabetes), HADS Hospital Anxietyy and Depression Scale), and EuroQol Group 5-Dimension Self-Report Questionnaire scores were recorded prior to DAFNE and after 1 year.
Other psychometric questionnaires used in the present trial are: PAID, Problem Areas in Diabetes [ 35, 36]; FKV-15, Freiburger Fragebogen zur Krankheitsverarbeitung (15-Item-Version) [ 37]; RSE, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale [ 38]; SDSCA, Summary of diabetes self-care activities measure [ 39]; H-Skala, Hopelessness Scale [ 40]; and K-INK, Inkongruenzfragebogen [ 41].
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