It is important, for example, that a single-minded focus on securing commitment to the "author pays" model of open access – often referred to as "gold OA" – should not undermine efforts to create what many in the open access community consider an essential intermediary step, namely the setting up of open repositories (the "green OA" route).
Gradually, the "author pays" model of funding publication of OA articles became established, driven by the policies of organizations like The Wellcome Trust and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, with the National Institutes of Health also requiring the deposit in publicly accessible databases (like PubMed Central) of articles that emanate from the research it funds.
The final room of the exhibition is a little crammed, containing sections devoted to the work of Marcel Duchamp, portraits of paid models and, interestingly, the story of Maria Lani, a beautiful eastern European woman who arrived in Paris toward the end of the 1920s purporting to be a German actress.
The company rolled out the paid models, unveiled a number of new features for content creators, called Ning Everywhere, and saw an uptick in the number of paid subscribers.
Even some of the paid models find it difficult to express themselves, Mr. Pinkney said, which is why he often turns the camera on himself.
Two-time Olympic champion Carvalho is a highly paid model and one half of Brazilian volleyball's golden couple with husband Murilo Endres.
Her older sister Margaux, one of the highest-paid models of the 1970s, struggled with drug addiction, bulimia and alcohol-induced epilepsy; at 41, on the day before the 35th anniversary of her grandfather's death, she intentionally overdosed on phenobarbital.
At a time when more attention is being paid to models of different races, shapes and sexuality, the appearance of one who was born without the fibula in his lower legs, which were amputated below the knee when he was 11 months old, in a campaign for a luxury fragrance is still unusual.
Mueller and a recent correlative study from George Mason University finds that there's no evidence that the sender-pays model of the telephone companies accomplished any of its intended infrastructure goals.
Thirteen respondents (56%) were opposed to the author-pays model of publishing.
