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What's more, publishers increasingly bundle their numerous services into single large dissemination packages (so called 'big deals'), extracting large profits from libraries and universities while further restricting access to research by readers outside the academic community.
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The current recommendation according to the limma user guide is to use TMM normalization of the edgeR package and the so called 'voom'-conversion which essentially transforms the normalized counts to logarithmic (base 2) scale and estimates their mean variance relationship to determine a weight to each observation prior to linear modeling [ 20].
For bovine bocavirus it was shown that it packages up to 90% of the negative strand and that packaging is dependent on so called flip and flop sequences at the terminal structures of the genome [19].
The BBC's chief political correspondent Norman Smith says the Treasury wants Eurozone countries to agree to a package of measures including so called Euro bonds, re-capitalising struggling banks, a bigger bail out fund and structural reforms to improve productivity.
Figure 1 gives an overview of OrChem's main components, showing how the user interacts with OrChem via PL/SQL packages that call out to so called "Java Stored Procedures" [13].
Last year, companies also began to hold shareholder votes on executive pay packages, so-called "say on pay" polls required by Dodd-Frank, the Wall Street reform law.
Consider the requirement stating that some institutional investors' votes on comprehensive pay packages — so-called say-on-pay proposals — would have to be disclosed each year.
The integration of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and diesel particulate filter (DPF) into a single device (so called SCRF® or SDPF) can decrease the packaging volume and costs in modern diesel exhaust aftertreatment systems.
This work deals with the choice of materials, surface finish and parameters to be considered for the design of the production process of so called "smooth-wall" aluminium containers for food packaging.
We think that LGBTQ issues need to be treated as a package to address issues of sexism and sexual harassment for so called "straight" kids too.
Construction of the dependency network for selected variables was performed using undirected Gaussian graphical Markov networks that represent q-order partial correlations between variables (the so called QPGRAPH method), implemented in an R package 'qpgraph' from the Bioconductor project [ 25].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com