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High pacing frequencies mimic increased heart rates, which could result from increased work/exercise or stress.
We observed no significant reduction in CV between pacing frequencies during control perfusion.
In contrast, CVs were significantly reduced during BPA exposure, even at pacing frequencies near the intrinsic heart rate.
Thus, its introduction resulted in (n=5 hearts) 2, 1, 0 and 0 episodes of sVT at pacing frequencies of 6, 8, 10 and 12 Hz respectively.
According to the activation characteristics of CaN, its activity increases the most at pacing frequencies from 0.5 to 2 Hz and starts to saturate at higher frequencies.
Interestingly, studies that report no change in peak contractions and Ca2+ transients after GDX [ 76, 91] use external Ca2+ concentrations and pacing frequencies far below physiological for rats (e.g., 1 mM Ca2+; 0.2–0.5 Hz).
Similar(21)
Most notably, incomplete relaxation as pacing frequency increased was more prominent in HG, and extracellular Zn2+ exposure to the HG cardiomyocytes regained a normal relaxation response to pacing frequency.
Emission at 510 nm was used to detect Fura-2 fluorescence at each pacing frequency, although not with zinc exposure.
Quantitative analyses regarding the sensitivity of contraction-relaxation function to HG, pacing frequency and Zn2+ are presented below.
The HG group displayed a greater lack of full relaxation with pacing frequency compared to nonHG controls.
Two-way ANOVA indicated significant reductions in CV with both pacing frequency and BPA exposure, compared with control (p < 0.0001).
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