General Hector Gramajo, Guatemala's former minister of defence, who had led a brutal "pacification" campaign against the country's Indian population, was served with a complaint during his graduation ceremony at Harvard's Kennedy School of Government.
It might be more relevant to suggest that the sorts of imperial wars and wars of pacification the U.S. has fought in recent times, often against poorly armed, minimally trained, minority insurgencies (or terror outfits), are simply unwinnable.
Within its walls was signed the Pacification of Ghent (1576), an attempt to unite the Lowlands provinces against Spain.
In the late 17th century, Franciscan missionaries argued that further attempts at peaceful pacification of the Ch'ol were useless and argued for armed intervention against the Manche Ch'ol and their Lakandon Ch'ol neighbours.
In light of this, the Commander Australian Forces Vietnam Major General Arthur MacDonald believed that the task force would be better employed against North Vietnamese conventional forces, rather than in local pacification operations; later, following a request from Weyand, 1 ATF would again redeploy outside the province.
In February 1967 1 ATF focused on the Dat Do area and the south-east of Phuoc Tuy province, initiating a program of conventional operations and pacification, with 5 RAR concentrating on cordon and search and civic action against Viet Cong cadres in the villages, while 6 RAR was tasked with search and destroy missions targeting the Viet Cong D445 Battalion.
But some who have joined the fighting against Mr. Hussein's militia have also expressed frustration at the American military's pacification efforts, which they say could limit the community's ability to defend itself against enemies.
In nationally televised testimony, Mr. Fujimori read from a prepared statement, describing the campaign against guerrillas during his presidency from 1990 to 2000 as a "policy of pacification".
Various forces hindered religious pacification.
What's happened to Pacification?
