Abbreviations: IQR interquartile range, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, mRS modified Rankin Scale, NIHSS National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, GCS Glasgow Coma Scale, SBP Systolic Blood Pressure, DBP Diastolic Blood Pressure, OCSP Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project, t-PA tissue plasminogen activator.
Abbreviation: GIB gastrointestinal bleeding, AIS acute ischemic stroke, OR odds ratio, C.I. confidence interval, mRS modified Rankin Scale, NIHSS National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, GCS Glasgow Coma Scale, OCSP Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project, t-PA tissue plasminogen activator.
To date, two types of thrombolytics have been tested: urokinase and t-PA (tissue plasminogen activator).
DFE, Douchi fibrinolytic enzyme; UK, Urokinase; SK, Streptokinase; t-PA, Tissue plasminogen activator; NS, Normal saline.
The main function of the PA system is to degrade fibrin and at its core is the zymogen plasminogen which is converted into the active enzyme, plasmin, by two plasminogen activators (PAs): tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA).
In healthy volunteers, intra-arterial TNF-α at a dose of 80 or 240 ng/min for 30 min resulted in an acute local vascular inflammation that was associated with impaired endothelium-dependent vasomotion, as well as a sustained and substantial increase in endothelial t-PA (tissue plasminogen activator) release [ 102].
This system is composed of urokinase-type PA (uPA), tissue-type PA (tPA), uPA receptor (uPAR), and PA inhibitor-1 (PAI-1).
The physiological activators urokinase-type PA or tissue-type PA mediate the conversion of the inactive plasma zymogen, plasminogen, to the serine protease plasmin.
Clot lysis time (CLT) and maximum clot firmness (MCF) were measured by thromboelastometry in recalcified blood supplemented with t-PA and tissue factor.
rt-PA, recombinant tissue-plasminogen activator; SITS-MOST, Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke Monitoring Study.
