Furthermore, Treatment of prostate cancer cells with resveratrol resulted in generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), translocation of Bax to mitochondria and subsequent drop in mitochondrial membrane potential, release of mitochondrial proteins (cytochrome c, Smac/DIABLO, and AIF) to cytosol, activation of effector caspase-3 and caspase-9, and induction of apoptosis [1], [14], [15].
Cisplatin toxicity also was associated with an increase in caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 activity, cytochrome c release, apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) translocation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation [7], [8].
The production of reactive oxygen species can mediate translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and the subsequent release of HMGB1.
It has been previously shown that exposure of cultured cells to agents causing elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) results in translocation of Trx from the cytoplasm to the nucleus [47], [49], [51], [53].
Genotoxic stimulations, including gamma radiation, ultraviolet radiation, and etoposide, induce ANXA2 nuclear translocation by reactive oxygen species signaling.
Exogenous hyperoxia (40% O2) increased the intracellular oxygen concentration and induced Ras translocation from cytosol to the membrane.
We suggest that reactive oxygen species can affect the translocation of transcription factors sensitive to the redox state to the nucleus.
It is tacitly assumed that these differences in affinity for oxygen [32], contributions to proton translocation [33] and patterns of expression as a result of transcriptional regulation [34,35] are reflected in their physiological roles and fitness for particular environmental niches.
Other studies indicate that SFN-induced apoptosis of MCF-7 and MDA MB 231 cells is initiated by reactive oxygen species due to p66Shc translocation to mitochondria and collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential [ 35].
The bloodstream is the main translocation path for glucose, oxygen and carbon dioxide, as well as nanoparticles.
Electrons from complexes I and II are transferred to the AOX, which reduces oxygen to water but without proton translocation or subsequent energy production [25].
