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Compound II is also an oxoferryl compound which is one oxidising equivalent above the resting state.
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Ero1 oxidises the PDI that in turn delivers oxidising equivalents to newly synthesised protein substrates.
Our current understanding of this pathway, mainly based on studies on the system in yeast (Gross et al, 2006), is that oxidising equivalents flow from O2 to a flavin cofactor within Ero1, to a nearby 'inner' dithiol/disulphide active site and from there to an 'outer' dithiol/disulphide on the surface of Ero1.
Oxygen is required to re-oxidise the reduced equivalents produced by cell metabolism.
Therefore, the AOX pathway is a non-phosphorylating pathway and can efficiently oxidise the reducing equivalents generated in the chloroplasts without being restricted by the proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane or the cellular ATP/ADP ratio.
With the 2,3-butanediol production by Enterobacter aerogenes as a model system it could be shown that on a molecular level OTR should be kept in such a level that as much reducing equivalent (NADH2) as possible is oxidised by O2, and at the same time the activity of the tricarboxylic acid cycle is kept at a minimum.
By contrast, under equivalent experimental conditions, BSA was oxidised only at relatively high (non-physiological) concentrations of H2O2 (>100 μM) (Fig. 8A&B).
However, some preliminary attempts at oxidising the thiomethyl group with 2 eq.
In the mitochondria, the excess reducing equivalents can be oxidised by the respiratory electron transport chain.
(Mixing the coriander in first will prevent it from oxidising).
This will stop the water evaporating and the olives at the top from oxidising.
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