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The specific oxide support is a critical parameter since it dramatically affects the reactivity of the surface niobium oxide species and determines if the surface niobium oxide site is active for redox or acid catalysis.
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strongly suggests that the metal vanadate catalysts consist of only surface vanadium oxide sites.
The activation of methane may involve surface oxygen species and partially reduced metal oxide sites at high temperature.
Rapid oxygen migration from the oxide sites to Pt provides conjugation between these steps, thus suppressing coking.
A Mars-van Krevelen type mechanism is proposed in which methyl radicals are formed at surface metal oxide sites.
Furthermore, these surface niobium oxide sites on SiO2 behaves as redox sites and the surface niobium oxide on Al2O3 are acid sites during partial oxidation reactions.
Moreover, iron forms a porous oxide layer when exposed to water or air (Hill and Holman 2000), and consequently anodic (iron)/cathodic (iron oxide) sites created at the surface trigger the process of corrosion.
This could be due to blocking of mixed-valence manganese oxide sites or poisoning of the smaller gold particles on these catalysts.
The ZnO/carbon scaffold is not only stable against highly reactive molten lithium, but also very lithiophilic via abundant carbonyl and nitrogen-containing surface groups and zinc oxide sites, which are in-situ generated from the ZIF-8.
The molecular structure-reactivity relationships for supported niobium oxide catalysts were achieved by combining Raman spectroscopy structural studies with chemical probes that measured the acidity and reactivity of the surface niobium oxide sites.
A selective platinum deposition onto the oxide sites to obtain Pt/TiO2-C, Pt/SnO2-C and Pt/ZnO-C was carried out by generating electron hole pairs on the oxide under UV-irradiation.
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