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Before the metallization process, buffered oxide etching (BOE) was performed to remove the polymer and oxide residues on the nanoflakes' surfaces.
PEO is constituted by ethylene oxide residues and therefore is more hydrophilic than PLU whose residues are ethylene oxide and propylene oxide (in a 2 1 ratio) [40, 41].
Nanoporous gold (NPG) catalysts with different types of oxide residues are fabricated by a simple electrochemical dealloying method with the aim of exploring the origin of high catalytic activity on unsupported gold catalyst systems.
Thick-Mo and thin-Mo/thick-Cu could be completely ionized without any metal oxide residues in middle-basic (pH ≥ 10) and weak-acidic (pH = 6) wet-etchants, respectively.
Experimental observations suggest that the so-called active or inert oxide residues in the as-made NPG catalysts have almost no effect on the intrinsic catalytic activity of gold, whereas metallic gold plays the catalytic role in this unsupported NPG system.
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The reaction behavior of this oxide residue is detailed and discussed for the development of long-life zinc electrodes.
The TGA/DTA analysis proved that the thermal decomposition of precursor 1 at 723 K gives the 3CuO ZnO composite oxide residue.
Compared with the pristine MWCNTs, the MWCNT Fe3O4 composites lost their weight at a lower temperature range of 490 635 °C (Fig. 6b), leaving iron oxide residue weight of around 26.65 % for 6 nm Fe3O4/MWCNT a.
Although it is not biodegradable, the zinc oxide residue released by swimmers sinks to the ocean floor where it is absorbed in the silt.
Black copper was refined using oxygen, producing 98% copper, along with a zinc oxide residue and a slag containing lead, tin, nickel and a number of heavy metals.
The visor was originally attached to the headpiece by means of a hinge; the iron hinge pin has not survived, but its existence has been inferred from the presence of powdery deposits of iron oxide residue.
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