Most harbours are communal in use, serving a wide range of vessel owners, merchants, and processors.
But that enthusiasm is not shared by a politically potent group of property owners, merchants and elected officials in Manhattan and Albany.
Its aggrieved owners, merchants who had bought it from Count von Leeuwenhaupt for the "staggering price of 10,000 florins," drove Linnaeus out of town by threatening to sue, thus puffing a small dark cloud across the dawn of rationalism.
On Friday, property owners, merchants and customers along bustling, traffic-choked Fordham Road got the first flavor of what it would be like to be part of a Business Improvement District, as litter- and graffiti-removal teams began patrolling the streets.
Merriman quotes with apparent approval one Élie Reclus, a Communard, who, walking through the Seventh Arrondissement as the Commune began to collapse, saw the "secret jubilation of all the concierges, shop owners, merchants of holy articles, and the religious men and women who make up the base of the population there," and whose "eyes follow you so that they can denounce you".
The way money is transacted between customers, business owners, merchants, and suppliers is a convoluted network of physical checks and exchanges.
"The keys to saving money in your small business are shopping around for the best prices and looking for creative ways to save in other areas," says Rich McIver, the owner of Merchant Negotiators, a company that provides price comparisons for merchant account providers.
Caleb was a financially shrewd ship owner and merchant, but the Embargo Act of 1807, which prohibited U.S. vessels from carrying goods to other countries, and the War of 1812 left his family in financial difficulties.
Some of the barricades went back up near the New York Stock Exchange Wednesday night as city officials anticipated a march by protesters, but one restaurant owner said merchants were hopeful the barricades would come down in the morning.
Islands were snapped up in a day by colonial powers, whose plantation owners and merchants then rearranged the population.
